The twenty first century has opened new possibilities in the field of drug discovery and development but it is still very high-priced procedure. The usual entire cost per medication research varies from US$ 897 million to US$ 1.9 billion. Usually the whole process lasts from 10 to 15 years. The procedure of a new medication researching needs finding a target of an experiment (e.g. protein) and after it researchers are to find suitable drugs that will interreact with a target and present some outcome. Clinical testing is the most extensive and expensive stage in drug research and is done in order to get the necessary governmental approvals. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) gives endorsements to the drugs that would be made in the US. So, drug discovery & development process is expensive and arduous procedure that needs a lot of efforts.
The best method of identification successive drug candidate is examination of the reaction of target protein with different compounds that are chosen by scientists from peculiar compound libraries where these compounds are kept. This examination is usually made in so called high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies. There are also commercially accessible compound libraries that contain different compounds up to several thousands of exemplars. There are some exemplars that show good outcome with communicating the target. These are promising compounds and scientists usually call them hits. Some of these hits are then promoted to lead compounds - candidate elements which are further refined and modified in order to receive better interactions and less side-effects.
One may see several various ways of drug design & discovery today. There are shown a few methods of finding drug candidate and you could see their pros and cons:
1. Virtual screening (VS) based on the computing deduced or simulated real screening;
The benefits that were observed during the experiments are:
- not so costly, chemists will not synthesize any compounds by themselves and so the costs isn’t required for chemical process;
- it gives a probability to find the reactions that will be presented by compounds that are still do not exist;
- High-throughput screening is really expensive and VS presents an opportunity to select a number of helpful compounds for further HTS tests;
- it has a large list of chemicals that scientists can use.
The number of possible virtual molecules accessible for virtual screening is definitely greater than the number of compounds that are available for HTS. But the main disadvantage is that the procedure is not genuine and it can not perform everything that can be seen during the genuine screening.
2. High-throughput method (HTS) is a real screening and it can investigate the reaction of thousands of elements each day. So scientists get real result during this method of medication discovery. But it requires great costs.
These means perform the reaction of a given target (protein) with different elements. The means assist to define everything that chemists need to know about medications and its future features, side effects and etc. when it will become a medicine. Nowadays scientists use 3 main means for virtual screening in medication discovery process: Molecular Docking, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships (QSAR) and Pharmacopoeia Mapping. If you need drug discovery service you can get it on this page.
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